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Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions.
Also suggest policy / institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations:
(a) Following a High Court directive a temple in Orissa that had separate entry door for dalits and non-dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
(b) A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
(c) Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.


(a) Democracy enhances the dignity of individual.
Suggestion: It is discrimination on the basis of social hierarchy. Anti-untouchability laws should be implemented strictly.

(b) There is a challenge of poverty.
Suggestion: Farmers' associations, sectional pressure groups and local MLAs and MPs should put pressure on government to run agricultural insurance and credit policy.

(c) It is a challenge to expansion of democracy.
Suggestion : Government should amend in laws conferring right to encounter operations with law enforcing agency.

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How does a democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?


(i) Democracy develops mechanism for citizens to hold the goverment accountable.
(ii) Democracy is attentive to the needs and demands of the people.
(iii) Democracy is people's own goverment.

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Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
(a) Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
(b) Democracy can't reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens.
(c) Government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, food, clothing, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure.
(d) In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict.

(a) Opposition: Although it is true that rates of economic growth in poor countries under dictatorship are a little bit higher than poor countries under democracy but so far as living with dignity and respect at individual level is concerned better to live poor under democracy than dictatorship.

(b) Support: The statement is wrong that state democracy cannot reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens. Democracy provides political equality i.e., right to vote and other rights but rich people enjoy a highly disproportionate share of wealth and incomes. They dominate the politics of the country. Rich people are becoming more rich and the poor find it difficult to fulfil their basic needs.

(c) Opposition: These are all basic needs to see each citizen has access to them. Hence, priority to expenses on eradication of poverty, food, clothing, health and education is to be given over industries and infrastructure. The latter are for citizens and citizens are not for them. Healthy and educated people naturally will seek out these means of survival when they are brought up to their prime.

(d) Support: I am agree to this statement but it is difficult to arrive at that level of conscience in each individual. The British has infected viruses of domination and subordination within the veins of people in third world countries including India. Everyone here escapes from fundamental duties but each one is tempted to fundamental rights. People here are habitual to live on that earned by others and call it skilled administration. This is the reason, cycle of people here are bound to live rebirth as pauper to taste the fruit of domination they practised on those presently, known as elites.

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What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?


It is necessary to understand that democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always need to work with the minorrity so that goverment function to represents the general view.

It is also necesary that rule by majority community does not become rule by majority  community in terms of religion or race or linguistic group.

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In the context of democracies which of the following ideas is correct— Democracies have successfully eliminated:
(A) conflicts among people.
(B) economic inequalities among people.
(C) differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated.
(D) the idea of political inequality.

(A) Incorrect, (B) Incorrect, (C) Incorrect, (D) Correct.
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