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Calculate the molarity of each of the following solution (a) 30 g of Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 4.3 L solution (b) 30 mL of 0.5 MH2SO4 diluted to 500 mL.

solution;

Molarity (M) is defined as number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre (or one cubic decimetre) of solution.


(a) Mol. mass of Co(NO3). 6H2O

               =58.9+(14+3×16)2+6(18)=58.9+(14+48)×2+108=58.9+124+108 = 290.9

Moles of Co(NO)3.6H2O
                                       =30290.9=0.103 mol.
Volume of solution = 4.3 L
Molarity, 
          M=Moles of soluteVolume of solution in litre    = 1034.3 = 0.024 M

(b) Number of moles present in 1000 ml of 0.5M H2SO4= 0.5 mol
therefore number of moles present in 30ml of 0.5M H2SO4=0.5×301000mol =0.015mol
therefore molarity =0.015/0.5L 

thus molarity is 0.03M

                 
  

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Calculate (a) molality (b) molarity and (c) mole fraction of KI if the density of 20% (mass/mass) aqueous KI is 1.202 g mL-1.


(a) 20% (mass/mass) means that 20 g of KI is present in 80 g of water.
Therefore, Moles of KI in solution
 
(a) 20% (mass/mass) means that 20 g of KI is present in 80 g of water

(a) 20% (mass/mass) means that 20 g of KI is present in 80 g of water
            
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Calculate the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) required in making 2.5 kg 0.25 of molal aqueous solution.

Solution:

Molality (m) is defined as the number of moles of the solute per kilogram (kg) of the solvent and is expressed as:

= Moles of soluteMass of solvent in kg
 
Mol. mass of urea NH2CONH2
                 = 14 + 2 + 12 + 16 + 14 + 2
                 = 60 g mol-1

Molality (m) = Moles of soluteMass of solvent in kg

25 = Moles of solute2.5

or Moles of solute
                = 0.25 x 0.25 =  0.625

  Mass of urea
                   = Moles of solute x Molar mass

                   = 0.625 x 60 = 37.5 g

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Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride.


Molar mass of benzene,

Molar mass of benzene,


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Calculate the mass percentage of benzene (C6H6) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) if 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride.


Mass % of benzene
                      = mass of benzenemass of solution ×100= 2222+122×100= 22144×100 = 15.28%
Mass% of carbon tetrachloride = 100 - 15.28
                          = 84.72%
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