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Bama's experience is that of a victim of the caste-system. What kind of discrimination does Zitkala-Sa's experience depict ? What are their responses to their respective situations?


Bama's experience is based on the evil ridden caste-system in India where the poor are exploited and the low caste people are forced to face the racial discriminations by the hands of the upper class people. The girl is deeply shocked, troubled, tensed and provoked on seeing untouchability by the people of high caste. The people of low caste bow and work for their masters. They have to carry a food packet by the thread without touching it. Her brother Annan inspires and advises her to work hard to attain quality. She acts upon his advice and people start coming to her of their own accord.

The other woman Zitkala–Sa faces humiliation and discrimination through the whites since they force her to follow their own culture, tradition and rituals, etc. She is overpowered to shingle out her hair. She severely resists and wants to maintain the dignity of her community But she is made a little animal driven by a herder. This is a very shamless act of racial discrimination. Thus both the women Bama and Zitkala–Sa highlight the exploitation of racial discrimination, untouchability and oppression of marginalised communities. They fight and raise their voice against this social evil and get triumph.

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It may take a long time for oppression to be resisted, but the seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. Do you agree that injustice in any form cannot escape being unnoticed even by children?


It is a very common feature among the children that they notice even the slightest actions of their elders, surroundings and other people. They do not reconcile with their fate but become rebel as and when they get chance. They swell out to raise their voice and bring changes in the prevalent traditions. In reality they are more sensitive, receptive and understand every injustice done to them and their elders. This is the age when the seeds of rebellion are sowed. With the help of their courage, will-power, hard work, strong- determination and far-sightedness, these seeds flower. In this unit one can notice such qualities of two women. One is the Native American Indian by the name of Simmons. She is oppressed, exploited and man-handed by the whites in Carlisle Indian School. She wants to maintain her dignity, honour and identity by not allowing the whites to shingle out her hair. Instead of submitting she resists and she is overpowered in the end. When she is mature enough she mocks the school, the whites and the prejudices of the whites through her writing. In the same way Bama is much inspired by the words of her brother. He labours hard and stands first in the class. Ultimately people come to her of their own accord Thus the seeds of rebellion have been sowed by the circumstances in these two ladies and they attain a commendable success

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The two accounts that you read about are based on two distinct cultures. What is the commonality of theme found in both of them?


Both the episodes in this unit highlight the despise, racial discrimination, and unhealthy treatment towards the humanity in general and women in particular. The first account relates to an American Indian woman who becomes the victim of racial discrimination. She is admitted to a school where native Indians do not get dignity, respect, honour and due weightage in America. She is forced by the whites to follow their traditions and traits. Simmons, the girl, is dragged out and tied to a chair to shingle out her long hair. She cries, struggles, kicks, resists shows reluctance and she ultimately feels like one of the many animals driven by a herder.

In the second episode, Bama, a girl from Tamil Dalit-community is very upset to experience the curse of untouchability. The elders of her community have to bow low before the upper caste. They have to work hard for them. Such people do not get respect and honour. Both the women are from marginalised communities having two different cultures. They struggle hard and they work against exploitation, oppression, untouchability and racial discrimination. Ultimately their efforts get recognition. They have used pen-names in their writings.

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