Describe the internal functioning of the Buddhist Sanghas.
State the social groups from which the followers of Buddha came.
The groups are:
1. Rulers or ruling class,
2. Rich class,
3.Grihpati,(Landowners),
4. Commoners,
5. Artisans,
6. Working class, and
7. Slaves.
What does the motif of a woman, surrounded by lotuses and elephants, depict? State the two opinions.
A woman surrounded by lotuses and elephants (in ancient paintings of India) depicts sprinkling water on herself as if performing an abhisheka or consecration. There are two opinions about this figure:
Discuss how, according to Jainism, one can free oneself from the cycle of Karma.
1. According to Jaina teachings, the cycle of birth and rebirth is shaped through karma.
2. Asceticism and penance are required to free oneself from the cycle of karma.
3. This can be achieved only when renouncing the world: therefore monastic existence is a necessary condition of salvation.
4. Jaina monks and nuns took five vows: to abstain from killing, stealing and lying; to observe celibacy and abstain from possessing property.
Discuss the contents of Jatakas. What do they depict?
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