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# Mechanical Properties of Fluids

#### Multiple Choice Questions

1.

For liquid to rise in a capillary tube, the angle of contact should be

• acute

• obtuse

• right

• none of these

A.

acute

When impure water or kerosene is taken in a glass vessel, it is found that the surface near the walls is curved concave upwards.

Consider a molecule of water M on the free surface close to the wall of the glass vessel. The magnitude of  adhesive force A is greater than the magnitude of cohesive force C and resultant of the two molecular forces of attraction R is or outside the liquid. Hence the molecule A is attracted towards the walls of glass vessel. The free surface of water adjust itself at right angle to the resultant R. Therefore molecules  like M creep upwards and the angle of contact is acute.

2.

Water rises in a capillary upto a extension height such that upward force of surface tension balances the force of 75 x 10-4 N due to weight of water. If surface tension of water is 6x10-2 N/m.The internal circumference of the capillary must be

• 12.5$×{10}^{-2}$m

• 6.5$×{10}^{-2}$m

• 0.50$×{10}^{-2}$m

• 1.25$×{10}^{-2}$m

A.

12.5$×{10}^{-2}$m

F=TL

# 3.Scent sprayer is based onCharle's law Archimedes principle Boyle's law Bernoulli's theorem

D.

Bernoulli's theorem

A scent sprayer is an example of fall in pressure due to increase in velocity. Also as per Bernoulli's theorem that datum head, pressure head and velocity head of a flowing liquid is constant. Therefore scent sprayer is based on Bernoulli's theorem.

4.

The property utilized in the manufacture of lead shots is

• specific weight of liquid lead

• specific gravity of liquid lead

• surface tension of liquid lead

D.

The property utilized in the manufacture of lead shots is surface tension of liquid lead. In this process, molten lead is made to pass through a sieve from a high tower and allowed to fall in water. The molten lead particles, while descending, assume a spherical shape and solidify in this form, before falling into water.

5.

Assertion:  Thin films such a soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show beautiful colours when illuminated by white light.

Reason:  It happens due to the interference of light reflected from upper surface of the thin film.

• If both the assertion and reason are true and reason is a correct explanation of assertion.

• If both assertion and reason are true but assertion is not a correct explanation of the assertion.

• If both the assertion is true but the reason is false.

• If both assertion and reason are false.

C.

If both the assertion is true but the reason is false.

The beautiful colours are seen on account of interference of light reflected from the upper and the lower surfaces of the thin film. As conditions for constructive and destructive interference depend upon the wavelength of light, therefore coloured interference fringes are  observed.

6.

Two small drops of mercury, each of radius R, coalesce to form a single large drop. The ratio of the total surface energies  before and after  change is

• 1 : 21/3

• 21/3 : 1

• 2 : 1

• 1 : 2

B.

21/3 : 1

Radius of one drop of mercury is R

∴  The volume of one drop =

∴  Total volume of the two drops,

V =  2 ×

V =

Let the radius of the large drop formed be R'

The total volume of the large is also V

R'3 = 2R3

⇒   R' = 21/3 R

Now the surface area of the resultant drop is

S1 = 2 × 4$\mathrm{\pi }$R2

S1 = 8$\mathrm{\pi }$R

and the surface area of the resultant drop is

S2 = 4$\mathrm{\pi }$R'

S2 = 4$\mathrm{\pi }$ 22/3 R2

Let T be the surface tension of the mercury. Therefore the surface energy of the two drops before coalescing is

U1 = S1 T

U1 = 8$\mathrm{\pi }$R2T

and the surface energy after coalescing,

U2 = S2

U2 = 22/3 × 4$\mathrm{\pi }$R2T

∴

= $\frac{2}{{2}^{2}{3}}}$

$\frac{{\mathrm{U}}_{1}}{{\mathrm{U}}_{2}}$ = 21/3

7.

Which of the following physical wuantity do not have same dimensions?

• pressure and stress

• tension and surface tension

• strain and angle

• energy and work

B.

tension and surface tension

Pressure and stress both have the dimensions Force/area. Strain and angle are both dimensionless. Energy and work have the dimension force × distance.

Tension and surface tension refer to two different physical quantites and their dimensions are different. Tension is a force and surface tension is force per unit length.

8.

A capillary tube of radius r can support a liquid of weight 6.28 x 10-4 N. If the surface tension of the liquid is 5 x 10-2N/m. The radius of capillary must be

• $2.0×{10}^{-3}\mathrm{m}$

• $2.0×{10}^{-4}$m

• 1.5$×{10}^{-3}\mathrm{m}$

• $12.5×{10}^{-4}\mathrm{m}$

A.

$2.0×{10}^{-3}\mathrm{m}$

Given:- weight =6.24$×$10-4N,

W=T.$2\mathrm{\pi r}$

r=$\frac{\mathrm{W}}{2\mathrm{\pi T}}$=$\frac{6.28×{10}^{-4}}{2×3.14×5×{10}^{-2}}$

r = 2$×{10}^{-3}$m

9.

Bernoulli's equation is a consequence of conservation of

• energy

• linear momentum

• angular momentum

• mass

A.

energy

The Bernoulli's equation can be considered to be a statement of the conservation of energy principle appropriate for flowing fluids. It is one of the most important/useful in fluid mechanics. It puts into a relation pressure and velocity in an inviscid ( negligible viscosity ) incompressible flow.

The general energy equation is simplified to

p1 + ρgh1 = p2 +  $\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{\rho v}}_{2}^{2}$ + ρgh2

10.

The soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 2: 1 ratio of excess pressure in side there is

• 1:4

• 4:1

• 2:1

• 1:2

D.

1:2