Short Answer Type(a) List the three states the annuals and biennial angiosperms have to pass through during their life cycle.
(b) List and describe any two vegetative propagules in flowering plants.
During a medical investigation, an infant was found to possess an extra chromosome 21. Decribe the symptoms the child is likely to develop later in the life.
A number of passengers were severely burnt beyond recognition during a train accident. Name and describe a modern technique that can help hand over the dead to their relatives.
p2+2pq+q2 Explain this algebraic equation on the basis of Hardy-Weinberg’s principle.
The equation p2 + 2pq + q2 , mathematically represents the Hardy-Weinberg’s principle. It is used to
calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium.
Principle It states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation.
In this equation,
p – frequency of allele A
q – frequency of allele a
p2 – frequency of AA (homozygous) individuals in a population
q2 – frequency of aa (homozygous) individuals
2pq – frequency of Aa (heterozygous) individuals
Also, the sum total of all the allelic frequencies is equal to 1. If the p and q allele frequencies are known, then the frequencies of the three genotypes can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
This equation can be used to measure the differences in frequencies of observed genotype measured from the frequencies predicated by the equation. The disturbance in genetic equilibrium results in evolution, thus the presence of any difference indicates the exent of evolutionary change.
(a) What precaution(s) would you recommend to a patient requiring repeated blood transfusion?
(b) If the advise is not followed by the patient there is an apprehension that the patient might contract a disease that would destroy the immune system of his/her body. Explain with the help of schematic diagram only how the immune system would get affected and destroyed.
(a) What is inbreeding depression?
(b) Explain the importance of ‘selection’ during inbreeding in cattle.
Explain the role(s) of the following in biotechnology.
(a) Restriction endonuclease
(b) Gel-electrophoresis
(c) Selectable markers in pBR322
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