In the process of photorespiration, uptake of oxygen and evolution of carbon- dioxide are light dependent. RuBP carboxylase acts as RuBP oxygenase. This process occurs in chloroplast and required the help of peroxisomes and mitochondria.

Commercial coir is obtained from the fibrous husk or mesocarp of fruits of coconut palm. It is valued for its lightness and high resistance to mechanical wear and dampness.

Protists are a very diverse group of organisms. They are eukaryotic micro- organisms. They have membrane bound nucleoproteins lying embedded in the cytoplasm. They are primarily microscopic and unicellular or made up of a single cell.

Tadpoles can be made to grow in size and become adult by injecting thyroxine hormone. By metamorphosis, tadpole grows in size and becomes adult. It is under neuroendocrine control.

Thyroxine Releasing Factor or TRF is secreted by Hypothalamus.

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Anterior Pituitary gets stimulated and produces TSH.

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Thyroid produces T₄ and T₃ hormones.

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Metamorphosis of the tadpole starts.

Cloves are unopened and aromatic floral buds of a tree in the Family- Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. It is commonly used as a spice.

Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Hepatic Vein, hepatic portal vein and renal vein carry deoxygenated blood.

Vernalization is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposing it to low temperature. It shortens the juvenile or vegetative phase of the plant. This term was coined by Lysenko in 1928.

Cryobiology is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperature on living things within Earth's cryosphere or in science.

Phototropism is the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either towards the source of light or away from it.

Pruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds or roots.

Hydroponics is soil less cultivation of plants by placing the roots in the nutrient solution.

Velamen is a dead spongy tissue present in epiphytic roots or hygroscopic roots. These roots are able to absorb water from moist atmosphere, dew and rain.

Simple reflex action is a nerve mediated spontaneous automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus acting on a specific receptor without consulting the will of the animal.

Conditioned reflexes are those reflex actions that are not present at birth but develop later in life through learning, habit, experience or regular association of an indifferent stimulus with unconditioned stimulus.