Reimer - Tiemann reaction involves refluxing of phenol with chlorofom , and alkali .The main product is salicylaldehyde .In this reaction carbon-carbon bond formation takes place .

m - dinitrobenzene gives only mono - substituted product because - NO₂ group is meta directing group and only one m - position is possiblein m - dinitrobenzene .

Acetic acid will react with NaHCO₃ solution to give sodium salt and carbon di-oxide .

$\underset{(\mathrm{Acetic} \mathrm{acid})}{{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH}}$ + $\underset{\mathrm{sodium} \mathrm{bicarbonate}}{{\mathrm{NaHCO}}_3}$ $\to$ $\underset{\mathrm{sodium} \mathrm{acetate}}{{\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COONa}}$ + $\underset{\mathrm{Carbon} \mathrm{dioxide}}{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$ + H₂O

Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) is a disaccharide it gives two monosaccharides molecules on hydrolysis .

$\underset{\mathrm{Sucrose}}{{\mathrm{C}}_{12}{\mathrm{H}}_{22}{\mathrm{O}}_{11}}$ + H₂O $\underset{\mathrm{lnvertase} \mathrm{yeast}}{\overset{\mathrm{dil}. \mathrm{acid} \mathrm{or}}{\to }}$ $\underset{\mathrm{D} (+) \mathrm{glucose}}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6}$ + $\underset{\mathrm{D} (-) \mathrm{fructose}}{{\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_{12}{\mathrm{O}}_6}$

Boiling point of hydrogen halides increase with increasing molecular mass because van der Waals' force of attraction increase with rise in molecular weight .Hydrogen fluoride (HF) has abnormally high boiling point due to their existence as a polymeric compound by forming inter-molecular hydr-ogen bonding .

Thus decreasing order of boiling point is

$\underset{(\mathrm{least} \mathrm{volatile})}{\mathrm{HF}}$ > HI > HBr > $\underset{(\mathrm{more} \mathrm{volatile})}{\mathrm{HCl}}$

In acid derivatives acid chlorides is most reactive , it is vigorously hydrolysed by water .

CH₃COCl + H₂O $\to$ CH₃COOH + HCl

Acid anhydride is less reactive than acid chlorides .It is hydrolysed slowly by water .

(CH₃CO)₂O + H₂O $\stackrel{\mathrm{slow}}{\to }$ 2CH₃COOH

The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in boiling water is slow but inthe presence of acid or alkali the reaction is fast .

CH₃CO-OC₂H₅ + H₂O $\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}{\rightleftharpoons }$ CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH

Amides are hydrolysed by water very slowly .

R-$\stackrel{\underset{\left|\right|}{\mathrm{O}}}{\mathrm{C}}$-NH₂ + H₂O $\stackrel{{\mathrm{H}}^{+}}{\to }$ R-COOH + NH₃

Thus , the correct order of hydrolysis is

RCOCl > (RCO)₂O > RCOOR > RCONH₂

Four isomeric primary amines of C₄H₁₁N are possible .

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂

(CH₃)₂-CH-CH₂-NH₂

(CH₃)₃-NH₂

CH₃-CH₂(NH₂)-CH-CH₃

The reaction alkyl halide or acyl halide react with benzene in the presence of anhydrous AICl₃ to form homologues of benzene is known as Friedel-Craft's reaction .

C₂H₅CHO + CH₃MgBr $\to$ 

Propionaldehyde give chiral molecule on reaction with Grignard reagent

In resulting product C^* is an asymmetric carbon atom as all the four valencies are satisfied with four different atoms or groups .