‘Instead of being concerned with what actually happens in practice….(economics) is increasingly preoccupied with developing pseudo-mathematical formulas. These provide models of behavior which never quite fit what actually happens, in a way which resembles the physical sciences gone wrong: instead of equations describing reality, economics produces equations describing ideal conditions and theoretical clarity of a type which never occurs in practice’.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument of the passage above?
The physical sciences are themselves reducing their reliance on mathematical formulae
The real world in fact closely approximates ideal theoretical conditions.
We do not at present have the mathematical expertise to model the full complexity of the world economy.
We do not at present have the mathematical expertise to model the full complexity of the world economy.
B.
The real world in fact closely approximates ideal theoretical conditions.