Parties that are present in several or all units of the federation. There are some countrywide parties known as national parties. These parties have their units in various states. But by and large, all these units follow the same policies programmes and strategy that is decided at national level.

(a) Defection: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to a different party.

(b) Affidavit: A signed document submitted to an officer, where a person makes a sworn statement regarding his/her personal information.

(c) Ruling Party: Political party that runs government.

Three National Parties are :
(i) Bhartiya Janata Party
(ii) Indian National Congress
(iii) Community Party of India (Marxist).

In a situation where we do not have political parties, every candidate in the elections will be independent. So no one will be able able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes.
The goverment may be formed but its utility wii remain ever uncertain. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality. Hence, no one will be responsive how the country will be run.