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What are the physical properties of carbon compounds or covalent compounds?


Covalent compounds exhibit the following properties:

(i)    These have low melting points and boiling points.

(ii)   These do not conduct electricity either in the solid state or in molten state or in the solution form. They are non-electrolytes.

(iii)   These are readily soluble in non-polar solvents like benzene, carbon tetrachloride etc. but do not dissolve in polar solvents like water.

(iv)   The covalent bond is directional in nature.

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Explain why covalent compounds are generally low melting?

Covalent compounds have strong bonds within the molecule but intermolecular forces are very weak therefore covalent compounds have low melting point.
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What are covalent compounds?

The compounds involving covalent single bond/s and/or covalent double/triple bond/s are called covalent compounds.

For example H2 have single covalent bond, O2 have double covalent bond, N2 have triple covalent bond.
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Why does Li tend to form ionic compounds while boron form covalent compounds?

Li has a very small ionization energy and so readily forms Li+. Boron has to lose three electrons to form B3+ and so it does not readily form ionic compounds, preferably forms covalent compounds. 
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Covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity. Why?

Conduction of electricity is due to the ions. Covalent compounds are formed due to sharing of electrons between atoms and no charged particle (ions) are formed, hence such compounds are generally bad conductors of electricity.
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