A.

Laos

B.

Vietnam

C.

Cambodia

Features of the Ho-Chi-Minh Trail in the Vietnamese war against the U.S.:

(i) The story of the Ho-Chi-Minh trail is one way of understanding the nature of the war that the Vietnamese fought against the United States. It symbolises how the people of Vietnam used their limited resources to great advantage.

(ii) The trail, and immense network of footpaths and roads, was used to transport men and materials from the north to the south.

(iii) The trail was improved from the late 1950s and from 1967 about 20,000 North Vietnamese troops came south each month on this trail.

(iv) The trail had support bases and hospitals along the way. In some parts supplies were transported in trucks, but mostly they were carried by porters, who were mainly women. These porters carried about 25 kilos on their backs or about 70 kilos on their bicycles.

(v) Most of the trail was outside Vietnam in neighbouring Laos and Cambodia with branch lines extending into South Vietnam.

(vi) The United States regularly bombed this trail trying to disrupt supplies, but efforts to destroy this important supply line by intensive bombing failed because they were rebuilt very quickly.

Tips: -

M. Imp.

A.

In 1945

Agent Orange is a defoliant or a plant killer. It was stored in drums marked with an orange band. Between 1961 and 1971, some 11 million gallons of this chemical was sprayed from cargo planes by US forces. Their plan was to destroy forests and fields, so that it would be easier to kill there was no jungle cover the people to hide in.

Over 14 per cent of the country’s farmland was affected by this poison. Its effect has been staggering, continuing to affect people till today. Dioxin, an element of Agent Orange, is known to cause cancer and brain damage in children, and according to a study, high incidence of deformities found in the sprayed areas.

A.

It means faith in reason and science