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How many types of doping are there?


There are three types of doping:
(i) use of drugs
(ii) Blood doping
(iii)Gene doping


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What is out-of-competition testing?


This is the testing when the athlete is not taking part in a competition.


What do you mean by narcotics?


Narcotics are drugs like morphine, heroin which are used by athlete to reduce pain and anxiety to improve sports performance.


What do you mean by doping?


Doping means the use of banned substances like drugs and steroids by a sports person to improve his performance.


Make a list of performance-enhancing substances and describe any two?


List of performance enhancing substnces:

  1. Stimulants
  2. Anabolic Steroids
  3. Di-Uretics
  4. Peptide Hormones
  5. Narcotics
  6. Beta-2 Agonists
  7. Cannabinoids

Stimulants: The athlete uses cocaine, amphetamines, Modafinil etc. as a tablet, injection or spray to improve his level and performance on sports. It reduces the reaction time and the rate of fatigue of the athlete.

Anabolic steroids: The athlete uses these substances to improve the strength and growing of the muscles. These are taken orally or by injection to enhance their performance in sports.


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