How many types of doping are there?


There are three types of doping:
(i) use of drugs
(ii) Blood doping
(iii)Gene doping


What do you mean by doping?


Doping means the use of banned substances like drugs and steroids by a sports person to improve his performance.


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What do you mean by narcotics?


Narcotics are drugs like morphine, heroin which are used by athlete to reduce pain and anxiety to improve sports performance.


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What is out-of-competition testing?


This is the testing when the athlete is not taking part in a competition.


Make a list of performance-enhancing substances and describe any two?


List of performance enhancing substnces:

  1. Stimulants
  2. Anabolic Steroids
  3. Di-Uretics
  4. Peptide Hormones
  5. Narcotics
  6. Beta-2 Agonists
  7. Cannabinoids

Stimulants: The athlete uses cocaine, amphetamines, Modafinil etc. as a tablet, injection or spray to improve his level and performance on sports. It reduces the reaction time and the rate of fatigue of the athlete.

Anabolic steroids: The athlete uses these substances to improve the strength and growing of the muscles. These are taken orally or by injection to enhance their performance in sports.


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