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Discuss with your teacher about.

1. haploid insects and lower plants where cell division occurs, and

2. Some haploid cells in higher plants where cell division does not occur.


1. Male bees, wasps and ants are haploid as they are produced from unfertilized eggs. 

2. Synergids and antipodal cells do not divide.

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Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur.

1. Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator.

2. Centromere splits and chromatids separate.

3. Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place.

4. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place.


1. Metaphase of mitosis.
2. Anaphase of mitosis.
3. Zygotene stage of meiosis I. 
4. Pachytene stage of meiosis I. 
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Distinguish between cytokinesis and karyokinesis.

Cytokinesis

Karyokinesis

1.It is a division of cytoplasm into daughter cells.

2. Stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are not present in cytokinesis.

1. It is division of nucleus into daughter nuclei

2. It is divided into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

 
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Can there be DNA replication without cell division.
 

Yes, the DNA can replicate without cell division. When DNA replication is not followed by cell division the DNA keeps accumulating in the cell. For example - Polytene chromosomes found in drosophila is a result of DNA replication without cell division.  


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Describe the following

1. Synapsis
2. Bivalent
3. Chiasmata.

Draw diagrams to illustrate your answer.


1. Synapsis: It occurs in zygotene stage. It is pairing of homologous chromosomes. It may be centric or random or preterminal.


2. Bivalent : A pair of homologous chromosomes is called bivalent.



3. Chiasmata : It is point in a tetrad where crossing over occurs.

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