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Distinguish anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis. 

Anaphase  of Mitosis Anaphase I of Meiosis
The chromatids separate and move to the opposite poles. The chromatids remain associated. 
Centromeres split.  Centromeres do not split. 
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Why is mitosis called equational division?

Mitosis is the process of cell division where there is an equal distribution of the chromosomes between the daughter cells. The chromosome number in each daughter cell is equal to that in the parent cell, i.e., diploid. Therefore as the chromosome number is maintained thus, mitosis is known as equational division.
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Analyse the events during every stage of cell cycle and notice how the following two parameters change.

1. Number of chromosomes per cell.

2. Amount of DNA content (C) per cell.


1.  The number of chromosomes (N) -
It  remains constant throughout the different stages in mitosis It remains 2N throughout the cycle.
However, in meiosis the number of chromosome is reduced to half that is from diploid (2N) to haploid (N). The chromosome number is reduced to half during the anaphase I stage this half number is carried on till the end of meiosis.


2. Amount of DNA (C) -
It becomes double during the interphase stage which is followed by mitosis. This doubling occurs due to the replication of the DNA in the S phase.
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Find examples where the four daughter cells from meiosis are equal in size and where they are found unequal in size.

Primary spermatocytes divide by meiosis to form sperms which are of equal size.  

Whereas, the primary oocyte divide to form ootid and polar bodies of unequal size. 

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List the main differences between meiosis and mitosis.


Mitosis Meiosis
1.  Equational division. Chromosome number remains the same in the daughter cells.  

1. Reduction division. Chromosome number is resuced to half in the daughter cell.

2. Occurs in somatic cells

2. Occurs in germ cells. 

3. Occurs in both sexually and asexually reproducing organisms.

3. Occurs only in sexually reproducing organisms.
 
4. No crossing over takes place.

4. Crossing over takes place during pachytene stage.

5. Prohase is simple and not divided into sub stages. 5. Prohase I of meiosis I is complex and has 5 stages.
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