Write hormones secreted by placenta and the entric epithelium of stomach.

Placenta : It secretes a human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG). It stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.


Enteric epithelium of stomach : It secretes gastrin hormone into stomach. The gastrin hormone stimulates gastric glands to secrete gastric juice.

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From what chemical compounds are all steroid hormones derived ? Mention at least two examples of steroid hormones.

Steroid hormones are manufactured from cholesterol or cholesterol esters.

Examples of Steroid hormones :

I. Testosterone

II. Estrogen

 

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 What two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla ? 

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of adrenal gland which lies above the kidney. 

Adrenal medulla produces following two hormones:

1. Adrenaline

2. Nor-adrenaline

1. Adrenaline : It is an emergency hormone because it is produced at the time of emergency or stress. Adrenaline instantly prepares our body for fight or flight. It increases breathing rate, heart rate, B.P. and also helps in releasing RBC from spleen.

2. Nor-adrenaline or Nor-epinephrine : This hormone regulates the heart rate, breathing rate, B.P. at normal time.

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What hormones are produced when the body's blood glucose level drops below normal? How do these hormones act to return the level to normal ? What hormone is produced when the body's blood glucose levels become elevated ? How does this hormone act to return the level to normal?

Hormone released when blood glucose level falls : Glucagon hormone is released when blood glucose level falls. It converts glycogen into glucose in liver. The glucose is released into blood and raises blood glucose level.

Hormone released when blood glucose level elevated : Insulin is the hormone released when blood glucose level is elevated. It converts glucose into glycogen in liver and thus reduces level of glucose in the blood.

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Give one example of pairs of antagonistic hormones associated with basal metabolism ? How does each pair function?


Antagonistic hormones : These are the hormones which function in opposition to each other. Examples :

1. Insulin and glucagon are antagonistic to each other.

Insulin brings glycogenesis and lowers blood sugar level by changing glucose into glycogen.

Glucagon brings glycogenolysis and raises blood sugar level by changing glycogen into glucose.

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