What are heart burn and lactose intolerance ?

Heart burn : It is the condition when the cardiac sphincter fails to close completely and acidic gastric juice is squeezed into the oesophagus. The acid present in the gastric juice  irritates the cells in the oesophagus and the burning sensation in the chest can extend to the neck, throat. 

Lactose intolerance : It is the inability of adults and children to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and to a lesser extent dairy products, causing side effects. 

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Explain the terms heterodont, thecodont,  and diphyodont.


Heterodont : It is the condition of having different types of teeth. For example humans have four different types of teeth namely incisors, canines, molars and premolars. 

Thecodont : The type of attachment in which each tooth in embedded in a socket. 

Diphyodont : The type of dentition characterised by two sets of teeth. First set is of temporary and second is of permanent.

 
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 State the sources of vitamin A and vitamin C.

Sources of vitamin A : Cod and shark liver oil, liver, kidneys, egg yolk, green and yellow vegetables (carrot, lettuce, mango, cabbage) tomato, yeast, milk and butter.

Sources of vitamin C : Citrus fruits, vegetables, tomato and peppers.

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Give the pH of various digestive juices.

pH of various digestive juices are as follows:

Saliva : 6.8

Gastric juice : 1.8

Bile : 8.1

Pancreatic juice ; 8.6

Intestinal juice ; 7.8

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State the location of pancreas

Location of Pancreas : The pancreas is situated below stomach between the limbs of the 'U' shaped duodenum. 
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