Ascending limb |
Descending limb |
Thick Nephric filtrate becomes hypotonic. |
Thin Nephric fitrate becomes hypertonic. |
Immunosuppression : It means to suppress the immune response of recipient to prevent transplant rejection.
This is done before or at time of kidney transplantation. The therapy is done with the help of drugs which destroy ‘T’ cells (which are responsible for providing immunity to the body. These T-cells produce antibodies against the foreign graft or transplant and result in the rejection of the transplant. Hence, the immune system of the patient is suprresed so that the transplant is not rejected.
Distinguish between
(a) Ammonotelism, ureotelism and uricotelism
Ammonotelism |
Ureotelism |
Uricotelism |
Ammonotelism occurs in aquatic animals. |
Ureotelism occurs in terrestrial amphibians and some aquatic animals. |
Uricotelism occurs only in terrestrial animals. |
Ammonia is excreted |
Urea is the major excretory product |
Uric acid is the excretory product. |
Ammonia is very toxic |
Less toxic |
Least toxic. |
A lot of water is required for elimination of Ammonia. |
Comparatively less water is required for elimination of urea. |
Little water is required for elimination of uric acid. |