What are the different types of Nephrons ?

The different types of nephrons are:

i. Cortical nephrons - These nephrons have a very short loop of Henle which extends only a little into the medulla. 

ii. Juxtamedullary nephrons- These nephrons have a long loop of Henle that runs deep into the medulla. 
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What is ureotelic animals ?

The animals which mainly excrete urea are called ureotelic animals. For example - mammals, amphibians etc. 
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Give examples of ammonotelic organisms?

Bony fishes, aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects are ammonotelic organisms.
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What activates the JG cells to release renin?


A fall in GFR or glomerular fitration rate activates the JG cells to release renin.
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Why urea is preferred as excretory product in mammals to ammonia ?

Ammonia is more toxic than urea and requires large amount of water for excretion. It cannot be retained for long in the body. In land animals it may result in excessive water. 
However urea is leass toxic and does not need much water for excretion. Thus urea is preffered over ammonia as an excretory product. 
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