Explain the reason : if a plant is grown in dark, its stem is soft, weak, slender and yellow and its leaves turn yellow.

A plant growing in dark is not able to produce chlorophyll and so remains yellow. This leads to decrease in photosynthesis which results in less growth.. Thus the stem becomes weak. In darkness, cell division is more at apex and so stem increases in length but decreases in width. 
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Name the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control growth ?


The intrinsic and extrinsic factors of growth are:

Intrinsic factors -  includes both genetic , intercellular factors like chemicals such as plant growth regulators.

Extrinsic factors - includes light, temperature, water, oxygen, nutrition etc.
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What is antagonistic action in plants?

Auxin inhibits growth of lateral buds whereas cytokinins promote it. This is an example of antagonistic action of the two hormones in plants.
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What is synergetic action of auxin and cytokinins ?

Auxins and cytokinins together cause cell division in callus tissue culture. More auxin and less cytokinin causes root initiation whereas less auxin and more cytokinin cause bud differentiation. This is an example of synergetic action.

 
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