What is transmembrane pathway ?

The movement of water through cell membranes is called trans membrane pathway.
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Why transpiration is more on lower surface than on upper surface of leaves ?

The number of stomata per unit area are more on lower surface of leaves than on the upper surface that is why rate of transpiration is higher on lower surface of leaves than on upper surface of leaves.
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What is capillarity ?


It is a force by which water rises up in a capillary tube.
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Why the water is forced to move through cell membrane beyond endodermis ?

Water is forced to move through cell membranes beyond endodermis because of the suberin (waxy substance) present on radial walls of endodermal cells blocks water and solute movement through cell walls of endodermis. 
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Why the cortex produces no resistance to movement of water ?

The cortical cells are loosely packed and produce no resistance to movement of water via cell walls or apoplast.
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