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Class 10 Class 12
A cyclist starts from the center O of circle of park of radius 1 km, reaches the edge P of the park, then cycles along the circumference to point Q and returns to the centre along QO as shown. If the round trip takes 10 minutes, then what is:

(a) net displacement
(b) average velocity
(c) average speed of the cyclist?

(a) The cyclist starts from O and again returns to point O. Therefore, the initial and the final point are the same. Hence, displacement of cyclist is equal to zero.

(b) Average velocity of cyclist is zero because total displacement of cyclist is zero.

(c) Total distance travelled by cyclist is,

∴      Average speed  =

Here, we have

and

Time taken for round trip,

∴

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What is a scalar quantity?

A physical quantity that requires only magnitude for its complete specification is called a scalar quantity.
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Give three examples of vector quantities.

Force, impulse and momentum.
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What is a vector quantity?

A physical quantity that requires direction along with magnitude, for its complete specification is called a vector quantity.
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Give three examples of scalar quantities.

Mass, temperature and energy
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What are the basic characteristics that a quantity must possess so that it may be a vector quantity?

A quantity must possess the direction and must follow the vector axioms. Any quantity that follows the vector axioms are classified as vectors.

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