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Class 10 Class 12
A man rows a boat with a speed of 18 km/hr in north-west direction. The shore line makes an angle of 15° south of west. Obtain the components of velocity of boat along shore line and perpendicular to shore line.

The velocity of boat is 18 km/hr in N-W direction and shore line makes angle 15° with S of W.

Therefore the velocity vector of boat subtends an angle of 60° with shore line.

Component of velocity of boat
along shore line =

And component of velocity of boat perpendicular to shore line

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What are the basic characteristics that a quantity must possess so that it may be a vector quantity?

A quantity must possess the direction and must follow the vector axioms. Any quantity that follows the vector axioms are classified as vectors.

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Give three examples of scalar quantities.

Mass, temperature and energy
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What is a scalar quantity?

A physical quantity that requires only magnitude for its complete specification is called a scalar quantity.
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What is a vector quantity?

A physical quantity that requires direction along with magnitude, for its complete specification is called a vector quantity.
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Give three examples of vector quantities.

Force, impulse and momentum.
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