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    It is often said that the world is witnessing now a second industrial revolution, which
    will transform the society as radically as did the first. List some key contemporary areas
    of science and technology, which are responsible for this revolution.
    Some of the key contemporary areas of science and technology which may transform the society radically are:

    i) Development of super fast computers,

    ii) The Internet and tremendous advancement in information technology, 

    iii) Development in Biotechnology, 

    iv) Development of superconducting materials at room temperature, and

    v) Dvelopment of robots.
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    The industrial revolution in England and Western Europe more than two centuries
    ago was triggered by some key scientific and technological advances. What were these
    advances ?

    England and Western Europe invented the steam engine, electricity, the theory of gravitation and the explosives, more than two centuries ago.

    Steam engines helped them in the field of heat and thermodynamics, the theory of gravitation in the field of motion and making guns and cannons. These signs of progress brought about the industrial revolution in England and Western Europe.
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    Attempt to formulate your ‘moral’ views on the practice of science. Imagine yourself stumbling upon a discovery, which has great academic interest but is certain to have nothing but dangerous consequences for the human society. How, if at all, will you resolve your dilemma ?
    In our view a type of discovery which is of great academic interest but harmful for human society should not be made public because Science is for the society, society is not for science. 

    Any discovery that is being made by the researchers should be brought to the public only if the discoveries will not have any further consequences if used by the common man in the society. 
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    India has had a long and unbroken tradition of great scholarship — in mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, logic and ethics. Yet, in parallel with this, several superstitious and obscurantist attitudes and practices flourished in our society and unfortunately continue even today — among many educated people too. How will you use your knowledge of science to develop strategies to counter these attitudes ?
    Illiteracy and a lack of rational thinking are what make the people of India superstitious. So in order to eradicate the superstitious and obscurantist attitude we have to first overcome these factors. Everybody should be educated, so that one can have a scientific approach towards the real life problems. Knowledge of science can be put to use to prove the myths that is conceived in people's mind. It is important for people to understand there a logic behind everything happening in the world. 
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