When will the floating body be in neutral equilibrium?

When the centre of gravity of body coincides with the centre of buoyancy, the floating body will be in neutral equilibrium. 
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What is thrust? What is its direction?

The force exerted perpendicular by liquid on any surface in contact is known as thrust. 
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Show that the force acting on the liquid in equilibrium is perpendicular to the free surface of liquid.


Let us consider a liquid in a container. Let the liquid be in equilibrium and a force F is acting on the liquid at angle 6 with the free surface of liquid as shown in figure.


Let us consider a liquid in a container. Let the liquid be in equilib
Resolve the components of force. The component Fcosθ is along the surface and component Fsinθ is normal to the surface. As the liquid is in equilibrium, therefore component of force along the surface should be zero,

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i.e. The force must be normal to surface. Thus the free surface of liquid in equilibrium adjusts normal to the direction of force acting on it.
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Verify Pascal’s law by giving an example.

Example: Let us have a container having opening of different cross-section provided


Example: Let us have a container having opening of different cross-se

with frictionless piston containing incompressible liquid. If the areas of cross-section of pistons be A, 2A and 3A and we apply the force F on the piston of area A, then to keep the other pistons in position, we require 2F force on piston of area 2A and 3F force on piston of area 3A.

Pressure on piston of area A is,
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Pressure on piston of area 2A is,
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Pressure on piston of area A is,

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Define the terms thrust and pressure. Give the SI unit of pressure. Name three applications of the knowledge of pressure.

Thrust: The force exerted by liquid normal to any surface in contact with it, is called thrust.

Pressure: The thrust exerted by a liquid per unit area of surface in contact with liquid is called pressure.

The SI unit of pressure is N/m2 or Pascal (Pa).

Application of pressure:

i) Hydraulic machines
ii) Blood pressure - Pressure exerted by the circulating blood upon the walls of the blood vessels. 
iii) Variation of pressure with depth - submarines are designed to withstand such enormous pressure. 




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