Describe the progress in health care after independence.
After independence, there has been a significant expansion in the physical provision of health services. During 1951-2000, the number of hospitals and dispensaries increased from 9300 to 43300 and hospital beds from 1.2 to 7.2 million. During 1951-99, nursing personnel increased from 0.18 to 8.7 lakh and allopathic doctors from 0.62 to 5.00 lakhs.
Public Health Infrastructure in India 1951-2000
|
Item |
1951 |
1981 |
2000 |
|
Hospitals |
2694 |
6805 |
15888 |
|
Hospitality / Dispensary Beds |
117000 |
504538 |
719861 |
|
Dispensaries |
6600 |
16745 |
23065 |
|
Primary Health Centre |
725 |
9115 |
22842 |
|
Sub–Centres |
– |
84736 |
137311 |
|
Community Health Centres |
– |
761 |
3043 |
How would you justify the statement that India has made a substantial progress in health care?
Substantial progress made by India in health care : India has made a substantial progress in health care. It can be justified by the following points:
1. Decline in death rate : There has been decline in death reath during 55 years. It was reduced from 27.4 per thousand in 1951 to 7.4 per thousand in 2006-2007.
2. Reductiion in infant mortality : Infant mortality rate has significantly reduced from 146 per thousand in 1951 to 55 per thousand in 2007.
3. Rise in expectancy of life: Life expectancy was 50 years in 1951. It rose to 63.5 in 2006-07.
4. Control over deadly diseases: India has controlled the deadly diseases like malaria, T.B, cholera, small pox to a great extent.
5. Significant expansion in the physical provision of health services : During 1951-2000, the number of hospitals and dispensaries increased from 93,000 to 143,000.
Private Sector Health Infrastructure in India : In recent time private sector has been playing a dominant role in health structures as it is clear from the following points:
1. More than 70 percent of the hospitals in India are run by the private sector.
2. They control nearly two fifth of beds available in the hospitals.
3. Nearly 60 percent of dispensaries are run by private sector.
4. Private sector provides healthcare for 80 percent of out-patients and 46 percent of in-patients.
5. It has been playing a dominant role in medical education and training, medical technology and diagnostics, manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals, hospital construction and the provision of medical services.
Distinguish between economic and social infrastructure.
Difference between economic and social infrastructure:
|
Economic Infrastructure |
Social Infrastructure |
|
1. They refer to all such elements of economic change (like power, transport, and communication) which serve as a support system to the process of economic growth. |
1. They refer to the core elements of social change (like schools, hospitals etc.) which serve as support system for the process of social development of a country. |
|
2. They foster economic growth . |
2. They foster human growth. |
|
3. They raise the standard of living of the people. |
3. They increase the quality of life of the people. |
|
4. They have direct impact on the production of goods and services. |
4. They have indirect impact on the production of goods and services. |
Give the outline of measures to cope with challenges facing the power sector in India.
Outline of measures to cope with challenges facing the power sector:
1. Plant load factor should be improved. With the improvement in plant load factor, plant capacity will be utilised fully.
2. Transmission and distribution losses should be reduced.
3. Private sector participation should be encouraged.
4. The use of CFLs be promoted to conserve energy.
5. Government should encourage the use of hydel and wind energy.
6. Solar energy should be given highest priority.
7. Foreign direct investment in power generation should be encouraged.
8. Raw materials and coal should be sufficiently made available to the thermal power plants.
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