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How did the geological structure and geomorphologic processes active in the Indian subcontinent came into existence?


It was primarily through the interplay of the endogenic and exogenic forces and lateral movements of the plates that the present geological structure and geomorphologic processes active in the Indian subcontinent came into existence.
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Explain the characteristics of the Arunachal Himalayas. 

The characteristics of Arunachal Himalayas:


(i)These extend from the east of the Bhutan Himalayas up to the Diphu pass in the east. The general direction of the mountain range is from southwest to northeast. Some of the important mountain peaks of the region are Kangtu and Namcha Barwa.

(ii)These ranges are dissected by fast-flowing rivers from the north to the south, forming deep gorges, Bhramaputra flows through a deep gorge after crossing Namcha Barwa.

(iii)Some of the important rivers are the Kameng, the Subansiri, the Dihang, the Dibang and the Lohit. These are perennial with the high rate of fall, thus, having the highest hydro-electric power potential in the country.

(iv)An important aspect of the Arunachal Himalayas is the numerous ethnic tribal community inhabiting in these areas. Some of the prominent ones from west to east are the Monpa, Daffla, Abor, Mishmi, Nishi and the Nagas.

(v)Most of these communities practise Jhumming. It is also known as shifting or slash and burn cultivation. This region is rich in biodiversity which has been preserved by the indigenous communities. 
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 Describe the salient features of the Eastern Coastal Plains.

1. It is a wider strip of low land as compared to western coastal plains.

2. It lies between the Bay of Bengal (east) and the Eastern Ghats (west). Expansion : West Bengal → Kanyakumari.

3. Its width varies between 60 to 100 kilometres.

4. North circar (Andhra Pradesh) and Coromandal Coast (Tamil Nadu) are its two subdivisions.

5. Four fertile deltas formed here by the rivers are- Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri.

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Write a brief note on the Islands of the Arabian Sea.

The islands of the Arabian sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy.

(i)These are scattered between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude. These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast.

(ii)The entire island group is built of coral deposits. There are approximately 36 islands of which 11 are inhabited.

(iii)Minicoy is the largest island with an area of 453 sq. km. The entire group of islands is broadly divided by the

(iv)Eleventh-degree channel, north of which is the Amini Island and to the south of the Canannore Island.

(v)The Islands of this archipelago have storm beaches consisting of unconsolidated pebbles, shingles, cobbles and boulders on the eastern seaboard.
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Name the three geological division of India.

The geological divisions are:

(i) The Penisular Block

(ii) The Himalayas and other Peninuslar Mountains

(iii) Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
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