'India is a land of great variety of natural vegetation'. Examine

India is a land of great variety of natural vegetation: 

(i)Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation; the Western Ghats and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have tropical rain forests, the deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves. 

(ii)The desert and semi-desert areas of Rajasthan are known for cacti, a wide variety of bushes and thorny vegetation.

(iii)Depending upon the variations in the climate and the soil, the vegetation of India changes from one region to another.
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Write the measures, you understand fit for the protection of wildlife.


(i) Ban on hunting should be strictly imposed.

(ii) Poachers and herdsmen should not be allowed to enter the forests.

(iii) More national parks and wildlife sanctuaries should be established.

(iv) Captive breeding of wildlife should be encouraged.

(v) Seminars, workshops, exhibitions etc. should be organised to highlight the importance of the protection of wild life to the public.

(vi) Adequate medical facilities should be provided to the wildlife.

(vii) Proper conditions should be created for the living and breeding.

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Write the characteristics of dry deciduous forest present in India.

Followings are the characteristics of dry deciduous forest:

(i)Dry deciduous forest covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall ranges between 70 -100 cm. On the wetter margins, it has a transition to the moist deciduous, while on the drier margins to thorn forests.

(ii)These forests are found in rainier areas of the Peninsula and the plains of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

(iii)In the higher rainfall regions of the Peninsular plateau and the northern Indian plain, these forests have a parkland landscape with open stretches in which teak and other trees interspersed with patches of grass are common.

(iv)As the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around.

(v)Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests. In the western and southern part of Rajasthan, vegetation cover is very scanty due to low rainfall and overgrazing.
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What are the features of semi-evergreen forests?

The features:

(i)The semi-evergreen forests are found in the less rainy parts of these regions.

(ii)Such forests have a mixture of evergreen and moist deciduous trees.

(iii)The undergrowing climbers provide an evergreen character to these forests. Main species are white cedar, hollock and kail.
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Why is it necessary to increase the area under forest in India ?

Area under forest is very rapidly decreasing. It is now 21% of the total land area in India. It should be at least 33% of the land area. So, it is very necessary to increase the area under forest in India. Our population is increasing. We need wood, fruit, roots, barks from the forests. We get taw materials from the forests for our industries. Thus, forest cover should be necessarily increased.
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