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    Natural Vegetation
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    Describe the characteristics of Tropical Evergreen forest.
    The characteristics of Tropical Evergreen forest are described below:

    (i)These forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

    (ii)They are found in warm and humid areas with an annual precipitation of over 200 cm and mean annual temperature above 22oC.

    (iii)Tropical evergreen forests are well stratified, with layers closer to the ground and are covered with shrubs and creepers, with short structured trees followed by tall variety of trees.

    (iv)In these forests, trees reach great heights up to 60 m or above. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves, flowering and fruition.

    (v)As such these forests appear green all the year round. Species found in these forests include rosewood, mahogony, aini, ebony, etc.
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    Name the types of forest found in India. 
    Types of forest found in India are:

    (i) Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen forests

    (ii) Tropical Deciduous forests

    (iii) Tropical Thorn forests

    (iv) Montane forests

    (v) Littoral and Swamp forests.
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    Name any two states in India to have Deodar trees.
     Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
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    Discuss the features of Troprical Thorn Forests. 
    Tropical Thorn Forests:

    (i)These occur in the areas which receive rainfall less than 50 cm. It includes semi-arid areas of south west Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

    (ii)These consist of a variety of grasses and shrubs. In these forests, plants remain leafless for most part of the year and give an expression of scrub vegetation.

    (iii)Important species found are babool, ber, and wild date palm, khair, neem, khejri, palas, etc. Tussocky grass grows upto a height of 2 m as the under growth.
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    Which are the two forms of tropical deciduous forests? Explain any one of it?

    The two forms of tropical deciduous forests are:

    (i)The Moist deciduous forests


    (ii)Dry deciduous forest

    The Moist deciduous forests -

    (a)These are more pronounced in the regions which record rainfall between 100-200 cm.

    (b)These forests are found in the northeastern states along the foothills of Himalayas, eastern slopes of the Western Ghats and Orissa. 

    (c)Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul, kusum, and sandalwood etc. are the main species of these forests.

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