Which one of the following equipments is essentially required for growing microbes on a large scale, for industrial production of enzymes?

  • Sludge digester

  • Industrial oven

  • Bioreactor

  • BOD incubator


C.

Bioreactor

To produce enzyme in large quantity equipment required are bioreactors. Large scale production involves use of bioreactors.


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Mention a product of human welfare obtained with the help of each one of the following microbes:

 (a) LAB

 (b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

 (c) Propionibacterium sharmanii

 (d) Aspergillus niger


The products obtained from:

(a)  LAB - Lacto acid bacteria is used in the production of curd from milk.

(b)  Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for the production of ethanol.

(c)  Propionibacterium sharmanii is used in the production of Swiss cheese.

(d)  Aspergillus niger is used in production of citric acid.

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Which of the following is a commercial blood cholesterol lowering agent?

  • Statin

  • Streptokinase

  • Lipases

  • Cyclosporin A


A.

Statin

Statin is obtained from a yeast (Fungi) called Monascus purpureus. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.


Which of the following can be used as a biocontrol agent in the treatment of plant disease?

  • Chlorella

  • Anabaena

  • Lactobacillus

  • Trichoderma


D.

Trichoderma

Fungus Trichoderma is a biological control agent being developed for use in the treatment of plant diseases.


Choose any three microbes, from the following which are suited for organic farming which is in great demand these days for various reasons. Mention one application of each one chosen.

MycorrhizaMonascusAnabaenaRhizobiumMethanobacteriumTrichoderma.


Following three microbes can be chosen for organic farming:

1. Mycorrhiza: It helps in the absorption of phosphorous from the soil.

2. Anabaena: It is involved in the process of nitrogen fixation.

3. Rhizobium: It fixes nitrogen into organic forms, which can be used by the plant as nutrient.

The application of the following are:

1. Monascus:  It is produces Statins that are used commercially as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.

2. Methanobacterium: It is used in the biological generation of methane by anaerobic processes.

3. Trichoderma: It produces cyclosporin A which is used as an immunosuppressive agent.
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