How do the techniques of scientific management improve the productivity of workers?


The technique of scientific management has helped in improving the productivity of the workers in the following manners.

  1. It establishes better relations between labour and management.
  2. Profit is increased many times due to effective integration of right men, materials,
    money and method.
  3. The use of standardized raw materials, equipments, machines and method produce standard article at minimum possible price.
  4. It enables the management to reduce the cost of production.
  5. It helps in providing better working condition and higher standard of living.

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Explain the importance of management principles


The importance of management principles can be understood by considering the following
points:

  1. Provide useful insights to manage: Principles of management help in increasing
    managerial efficiency by adding to their knowledge and ability to understand the
    various situations more objectively.
  2. Optimum Utilization of Resources and effective administration: Management principles help in organizing various activities in such a way that results in an elimination of unwanted activities and consequent wastage. Management principles help in managing organizations effectively. For example, Unity of Command helps to avoid confusion and conflicts Unity of direction ensures unity of actions to facilitate coordination.
  3. Scientific decisions: They help the managers in taking the decisions based on the objective assessment of a situation. Thus decisions taken are logical and free from any bias and prejudice.
  4. Meeting changing environment requirements: Though the principles are only guidelines for action yet they can be modified according to the need of changing situations. Thus principles of management help in meeting changing requirements of the environment.
  5. Fulfilling social responsibilities: Principles of management have been devised in such a way that they help in fulfilling social responsibilities.
  6. Management training, education and research: Principles of management are the fulcrum of management theory so that they are used as a basis for management
    training, education and research.

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Explain the nature of management principles.


Nature of management principles is described as follows:

  1. Universal Applicability: The principles of management are applicable to all types of organizations irrespective of their size and nature.
  2. General Guidelines: They are only guidelines for action and don’t provide direct or readymade solution for a managerial problem.
  3. Formed by practice and experimentation: The principles of management have been developed through experimentation as well as experience and wisdom of managers.
  4. Flexible: The principles of management are not rigid prescriptions, which have to be followed absolutely. They are flexible and can be modified by the manager when the situation so demands.
  5. Mainly behavioral: They are mainly behavioral in nature since they are devised to influence human behaviour.
  6. Cause and effect relationship: The principles of management establishes relationship between cause and effect. They guide us as to what would be the effect if a particular principle were to be applied in a given situation.
  7. Contingent: The use of principles of management is contingent or dependent upon
    the prevailing conditions at a particular point of time.

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An entrepreneur wants to start his business in backward area because government gives many incentives and rebates in taxes. Which results in low cost and he will be able to sell the product at low prices. There he will be able to get large area by deforestation. Which values are being affected here?


(i) Deprivation of environment from deforestation

(ii) Availability of goods at low cost

(iii) Development of backward areas

(iv) Employment opportunities increase in backward area.

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Management is a science like physics or chemistry. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons in support of your answer.


This statement is wrong. Although management can be called science but not as an exact or pure science like Physics or Chemistry.

It is important to apply the characteristics of science to management in order to find out whether management is a science or not. Following are the main points:

(i) Systematised Body of Knowledge: It is necessary for science to be a systematised body of knowledge. Management is also a systematised body of knowledge because it has its own theory and principle which are developed by the management experts after years of research.

(ii) Principles Based on Experiments: After applying this characteristic of science to management, we find that development of management took years for the collection offacts, their analysis and experiments. 

(iii) Universal Validity: Scientific principles are based on truth and they can be applied atevery time and in every situation. Thus, its universal application is possible. In the field of management too, managerial knowledge and principles of management are considered to be based on truth and they, too, can be applied anywhere and in every situation. 

Conclusion: The subject matter of management is 'Human Being' who is an intelligent and sensitive being and whose behaviour or conduct changes according to the changing situations. Therefore, no permanent principles like the principles of physics and chemistry can be enunciated in relation to his conduct or behaviour. Clearly the science of management cannot be called a natural or pure science but it should be described as an Applied Science or  Inexact Science.

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