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Class 10 Class 12

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

You are given benzene, conc. H₂SO₄ and NaOH. Write the equations for the preparation of phenol. Write the equations for the preparation of phenol using these reagents.

Benzene is heated with conc. H₂SO₄ for a long time and then treated with NaOH. Sodium benzene sulphate, C₆H₅SO₃Na formed is again strongly heated with NaOH at 575 K to give phenol. The reactions are,

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Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.

The mechanism of the reaction involves the following three step:

Step 1: Proptonation of ethene to form carbocation by electrophilic attack of H₃O⁺.

Step 2: Nucleophilic attack of water on carbocation.

Step 3: Deprotonation to form an ethanol.

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Give the structures and IUPAC names of monohydric phenols of molecular formula, C₇H₈O.

Three monohydric phenols are possible which have molecular formula C₇H₈O. These are:

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Write chemical reaction of preparation of phenol from chlorobenzene.

Chlorobenzene is heated with 6 to 8% solution of NaOH to about 623 K under a pressure of 300 atmospheres to form sodium phenate which upon acidification with dilute HCl gives phenol as follows: