Match the following:
A. 1972 (i) Chemical Weapons Convention
B. 1992 (ii) NPT
C. 1968 (iii) Kyoto Protocol
D. 1997 (iv) Biological Weapons Convention.

A.

1972

(i)

Biological Weapons Convention.

B.

1992

(ii)

Chemical Weapons Convention

C.

1968

(iii)

NPT

D.

1997

(iv)

Kyoto Protocol
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Explain in brief, traditional notion of internal security.

Internal securit implies maintenance of peace and order within the country. It is vital because a country face external violence from outside its borders if it is not secured within its borders. The problem of internal security does not exist in most of the European country. It exists in the third world countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The newly independent states faced threats from separatist movements which wanted to form independent countries. Sometimes a neighbour might help or instigate an internal separatist movement leading to tensions between the two neighbouring countries. Internal wars constitute 95 per cent of all armed conflicts fought anywhere in the world. Between 1946 and 1991, there was twelve-fold rise in the number of civil wars. So the internal security is also a challenge to the security of the newly independent countries.
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Examine the importance of cooperation in concept of Traditional Security.


In traditional security, cooperation plays an important role in limiting violence as examined below :



(i)This is almost universally accepted view that countries should go to war primarily for self-defence or to protect other people from genocide.

(ii) Armies must avoid killing or hurting non-combatants as well as unarmed and surrendering combatants.

(iii)They should not be excessively violent. Force must be used only after all the alternatives have failed.

(iv)Other form of cooperation are disarmament, arms control and confidence building.

 

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What does arms control imply? Name four arms control treaty.

Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons.


The treaties are:

(i) Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty 1972.

(ii) Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty-II (SALT-II)

(iii) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START)

(iv) Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) 1968.

 

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Fill in the blanks:

Narrow concept of ______ focuses on threats to individual or, as former UN Secretary-

General ________ puts it, “the protection of ________ and individual from________”.


Human Security, Kofi Annan, communities, internal violence
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