What is presbyopia? How can it be corrected? 

Presbyopia is a progressive form of far-sightedness that affects most people with ageing. The power of accomodation of the eye decreases. 
Presbyopia arises due to the gradual weakening of the ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the crystalline lens. 
Simple reading eyeglasses with convex lenses correct most cases of presbyopia.

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What are the laws of reflection?

Laws of reflection: 

(i) The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all three lie in the same plane.
(ii) The angle of incidence (i) is equal to the angle of reflection (r).
i.e.,                        ∠i = ∠r.

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A glass lens of refractive index 1.5 is placed in a trough of liquid. What must be the refractive index of the liquid in order to make the lens disappear?

The refractive index of liquid must be greater than or equal to 1.5 inorder to make the lens disappear. 
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Here three lenses have been given. Which two lenses will you use as an eyepiece and as an objective to construct an astronomical telescope? 

Lenses

Power (P)

Aperture (A)

L1

3D

8 cm

L2

6D

1 cm

L3

10D

1 cm

 

For an astronomical telescope, since the aperture of lens L1 is largest, it is used as objective for a telescope. The focal length of lens L3 is smaller and hence cn be used as eyepiece.
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Two thin lenses of power +4D and -2D are in contact. What is the focal length of the combination?


Power of first lens = +4 D
Power of second lens = -2 D
Power of the combination of lens,
P = P1+P2      = 4 - 2     = + 2D
Since focal length, f = 1P
Focal length of the lens,
 f = 12 = 0.5 m               = 50 cm
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