Common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is

  • caused by a virus

  • caused by a Gram-positive bacterium

  • caused by a Gram-negative bacterium

  • caused by a Gram-negative bacterium


A.

caused by a virus

the common cold is not cured by antibiotics because it is caused by a virus, called rhinoviruses

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where will you look for the sporozoites of the malarial parasite?

  • Red blood corpuscles of humans suffering from malaria

  • Spleen of infected humans

  • Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito

  • Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito


D.

Salivary glands of freshly moulted female Anopheles mosquito

Sporozoite is the infective stage of the malarial parasite. They are present in the saliva of infected female anopheles mosquito.

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Select the correct statement from the ones given below

  • Barbiturates, when given to criminals, make them tell the truth

  • Morphine is often given to person who has undergone surgery as a pain killer

  • Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate

  • Chewing tobacco lowers blood pressure and heart rate


B.

Morphine is often given to person who has undergone surgery as a pain killer

Serturner, a pharmacist isolated the active principle of opium in 1806 and named it morphine. Morphine is a phenanthrene opioid receptor against, its main effect is binding to and activation to micro - opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In clinical settings, morphine exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation.

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Which one of the following acts as a physiological barrier to the entry of microorganisms in the human body? 

  • Tears

  • Monocytes

  • Skin

  • Skin


A.

Tears

Physiological barriers to the entry of microorganisms in the human body are tears in eyes, saliva in mouth and HCl in the stomach.The enzymes lysozymes are found in tears and saliva and inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan present in the cell wall of microorganisms especially eubacteria.

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Select the correct statements with respect to diseases and immunisation

  • if due to some reason B and T - lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen

  • injection of dead/inactivated pathogens causes passive immunity

  • certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine

  • certain protozoans have been used to mass produce hepatitis B vaccine


A.

if due to some reason B and T - lymphocytes are damaged, the body will not produce antibodies against a pathogen

The primary and secondary immune responses are carried out with the help of two special types of lymphocytes present in our blood, i.e, B - lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes, The B- lymphocytes produce an array ( a range) of proteins in response to pathogens into our blood to fight with them. These proteins are called antibodies. The T- cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but the help B- cells to produce them.

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