Somaclones are obtained by

  • tissue culture

  • plant breeding

  • irradiation

  • irradiation


A.

tissue culture

Somaclones are obtained by tissue culture. The plant regenerated from cell and tissue cultures shows heritable variation for both qualitative and quantitative traits. 
Plant breeding is the branch of Biology, which is concerned with developing varieties superior to existing ones. 
Irradiation means exposure to any form of radiation.
Genetic engineering is defined as the manipulation of genes by man.

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Polyethylene glycol method is used for

  • gene transfer without a vector

  • biodiesel production

  • seedless fruit production

  • seedless fruit production


A.

gene transfer without a vector

Introduction DNA into plant cells without the involvement of a biological agent and leading to stable transformation is known as direct gene transfer. There are various methods for direct gene transfer, one of which is a chemical method. Certain chemicals,polyethene Glycol), polyvinyl alcohol and calcium phosphate enhance the uptake of DNA by plant protoplast. PEG and calcium phosphate are thought to precipitate the DNA onto the outer surface of plasmalemma and the precipitate is taken up by the endocytosis.

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Which one of the following pairs is wrongly matched?

  • Detergents -Lipase

  • Alcohol- Nitrogenase

  • Fruit juice - pectinase

  • Fruit juice - pectinase


B.

Alcohol- Nitrogenase

Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) can be produced by fermentation of any carbohydrate, containing a fermentable sugar on a polysaccharide that can be hydrolyzed to a fermentable sugar. The development of synthetic alcohol follows following reaction.

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Breeding of crops with high levels of minerals, vitamins and proteins is called

  • somatic hybridization

  • biofortification

  • biomagnification

  • biomagnification


B.

biofortification

C.

biomagnification

Biofortification is a method of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or genetic engineering. Biofortification differs from ordinary fortification because it focuses on making plant foods more nutritious add the plants are growing rather than nutrients added to the food when they are being processed. This is an improvement on ordinary fortification when it comes to providing nutrients for the rural poor, who rarely have access to commercially fortified foods.

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Bacterial leaf blight of rice is caused by a species of 

  • Xanthomonas

  • Pseudomonas

  • Alternaria

  • Alternaria


A.

Xanthomonas

Leaf blight of rice - Xanthomonas oryzae
Red strip of sugarcane - Pseudomonas rubilineans
Fire blight of apple - Erwinia amylovora
Early blight of potato - Alternari solani.

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