State Henry's law about the solubility of a gas in a liquid.

Henry's law state that

the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution” and is expressed as:
p = KH x 

Here KH is the Henry’s law constant

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Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and mole fraction of a volatiles liquid.

Answer:

for any solution the partial vapour pressure of each volatile component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
pA ∝ xA

pA x xA where pA is vapour pressure of solvent having mole fraction xA.
PA = P0A x A
But xA + xB = L
∴ xA = 1 – xB
When xB is mole fraction of non-voltile solute B
Pa = P0(1–xB)
= p0A – p0B
Total vapour of solution is equal to pA as nonvolatile solute does not have any vapour pressure.
i.e., pB = 0   Total vapour pressure,
               p = pA+pB = poA- poB×BxB =  poA - pApoA

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Define an ideal solution.

The solutions which obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions. The ideal solutions have two other important properties. The enthalpy of mixing of the pure components to form the solution is zero and the volume of mixing is also zero, i.e.,

ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0 

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Define mole fraction of a component in a solution.

Amount of mole of a constituent divided by the total amount of moles of all constituent in a mixture.

Mole fraction of a component =
Number of moles of the componentTotal number of moles of all the component 

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Which of the following solution has the lowest freezing point and why? 0.1m glucose.01 m KCl, 0.1 m Na2SO4.


0.1m Na2SO4 will have the lowest freezing point as it contains maximum number of ions in solution. The van’t Hoff factor is maximum. As i increase, Tf increase and freezing point of the solution decrease.
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