What causes the conduction of electricity by semi-conductors?

 The conduction of electricity in semi- conductors is because of the  Electrons and holes.
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Why is an ionic crystal of NaCl a nonconductor explain?

ionic bonds are the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ion. The oppositely charged ion are arranged in a regular way to form giant ionic lattices. Ionic crystal of NaCl is a non-conductor of electricity because it has its electron in fully filled lower energy state. There are no free electrons in crystal lattice.
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What may be the difference between phosphorus doped and gallium doped semiconductors?

Phosphorus doped semiconductors produced n- type semiconductor while when silicon doped with gallium, it produces p- type semiconductor.
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What are non-stoichiometric compounds?

Non-stoichiometric compounds are chemical compounds, almost always solid inorganic compounds, having elemental composition whose proportions cannot be represented by integers; most often, in such materials, some small percentage of atoms are missing or too many atoms are packed into an otherwise perfect lattice work. exaple FeO, ZnO etc.
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What is the co-ordination number of each ion in Na2O.


The coordination number of Na in Na2O is 4.Na+ ion is surrounded by four oxide ion and O2- ion is surrounded by eight Na+ ions.
 Co-ordination number of Na
+ = 4.
Co-ordination number of O2– = 8.
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