What is the arrangement of Zn2+ and S2– ions in Zinc blende (ZnS) crystal structure?

Zinc sulfide crystallizes in a Face-Centered Cubic unit cell (FCC) having an edge length of 5.409 Angstroms
Sulfide anions have FOUR neighbors of opposite charge arranged at vertices of a tetrahedron. Zinc cations also have FOUR neighbors of opposite charge arrange at vertices of a tetrahedron. So the Zn : S coordination ratio is 4 : 4 or 1 : 1.
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Why FeO is non-stoichiometric with the formula Fe0.95 O explain?


The non-stoichiometry reflect the ease of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ effectively replacing a small portion of Fe2+ with two thirds their number of Fe3+. Thus for every three "missing" Fe2+ ions, the crystal contains two Fe3+ ions to balance the charge .   i.e. 3Fe2+ = 2Fe3+ to maintain electrical neutrality
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Define non-stiochiometry defect in crystals?

Those defect which lead to change in composition of solids are called non-stoichiometric defects.They are most often inorganic compounds, and almost always solids They contain constituting particles in non-stoichiometric ratio, e.g., Fe0.93 O1.0, Ni0.94 O1.0 are examples of non-stochiometric compounds.
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How many Na+ ions occupy second nearest neighbour locations of a Na+ ion in the structure of sodium chloride crystals?

 The second nearest Co-ordination number of Na+ ions is 12.
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explain the effect of Frenkel structural defect on the electrical conductance of a crystalline solid?

Frenkel Defect: This defect is shown by ionic solids. The smaller ion (usually cation) is dislocated from its normal site to an interstitial site . It creates a vacancy defect at its original site and an interstitial defect at its new location. this vacancy defect increase the Electrical conductance.
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