Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.
The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdom are:
(i) Cell structure
(ii) Mode
(iii) Source of nutrition
(iv) Body organisation.
Explain how animals in vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Vertebrates classified into further subgroups on the basis of simple to complex form , the structure of the organs like gills/lungs, heart and function of the organisms .
For example, fishes have two chambered heart, amphibians and reptiles have three chambered heart where as aves and mammals have four chambered heart to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separately.
Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life form around you.
Range of Variations:
(i) Life span- insects live for a few days whereas cow, dog and humans etc. live for many years.
(ii) body structure—Organisms like cows, insects plants and humans have different body structures.
(iii) Size—Some organisms are small while the others are big. Even different plants are of different sizes
How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?
The characteristic which is dependent on the previous one and would decide the variety in the next level should be chosen for developing a hierarchy in classification.
How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?
The criteria for classification of plant kingdom into divisions depend upon:
(a) differentiation of plant body components,
(b) presence of transport (conduction) tissues,
(c) ability to produce seeds, and
(d) enclouser seeds in fruits.
Animals are organisms which are eukaryotic,
multicellular and heterotrophic. Their cells
do not have cell-walls. Most animals are
mobile. Thus they have different criteria for classification - they are classified based on the
extent and type of the body design
differentiation found.
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