What is the maximum number of electrons which can be accommodated in the innermost shell of an atom?
Two
How do you establish that matter is electrical in nature?
Matter is made of atom.The protons and electrons create attraction and repulsion forces as these atomic particles have an electric charge. Thus, it indicate that matter is electrical in nature. For example,
(i) When an ebonite rod is rubbed with a cat skin, ebonite rod gets negatively charged and cat skin positively charged.
(ii) A glass rod on rubbing with a silk cloth gets a positive charge.
(iii) A nylon comb rubbed with hair attracts bits of paper to it.
How is the flow of current in a cathode ray experiment explained knowing that gases are bad conductors of electricity?
The gas in the discharge tube experiment (at low pressure and high voltage) gets decomposed. Negatively charged particles are produced which travel from cathode to anode, thus facilitating the flow of current. Under other conditions, e.g., 1-atmosphere pressure, no dissociation of gas occurs and no current flows.
What is a discharge tube?
The discharge tube is a glass tube which is 70 cm long and having a diameter of 5 cm. Two metal electrodes are sealed at the two ends, one of which is connected to the negative terminal of a battery and the other to the positive terminal and a gas at low pressure inside the tube. A side tube is fused at the centre of the glass tube which serves to pump out air from it, using a suction pump.
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