What are the immunisation programme available at the nearest health centre in your locality? Which of these diseases are the major health problems in your area?
Immunisation programmes available at the nearest healthcare centre in the locality are :
(i) Vaccination against small pox.
(ii) BCG vaccination against tuberculosis.
(iii) Polio drops against polio disease.
(iv) Vaccination against chicken pox.
(v) Vaccination against Hepatites.
(vi) DPT vaccination against diptheria, pertusis (Whooping Cough) and tetanus.
(vii) Immunisation against measles.
The major health problems are:
(i) Hepatitis (ii) Chicken pox (iii) Tuberculosis (iv) Tetanus.
A doctor/nurse/health-worker is exposed to more sick people than others in the community. Find out how she/he avoids getting sick herself.
A doctor/nurse/health-work can avoid getting sick by following these habit -:
(i) Wearing a mask to cover mouth and nose to avoid infection when in contact with or near a diseased person.
(ii) Using gloves to avoid direct contact with wounds infections and disesed people.
(iii) Drinking safe water and eating healthy and nutritious food to keep the immune sustem strong.
(iv) Maintaining personal hygiene i.e., personal cleanliness, washing hand with dettol/savlon etc. after handling equipment, clothes etc. of patients.
(v) Keep the surroundings clean.
What are immediate causes and contributory causes of disease?
(i) Immediate cause of disease are infectious organisms like virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan etc.
(ii) Contributory causes of disease are :
(a) Poor health due to lack of good nourishment.
(b) Poor hygiene condition, economic condition due to which one does not get proper and sufficient food.
(c) Genetic difference which make some people more prone to disease than others.
Conduct A survey in your neighbourhood to find out what the three most common diseases are. Suggest three steps that could be taken by your local authorities to bring down the incidence of these diseases.
The three most ommon diseases in the neighbourhood are dysentry, malaria, viral fever.
The three preventive measures that could be taken by the local authorities are
1. Keeping the area clean i.e., removal of garbage from the streets/ houses and storage in a covered place till it is disposed off. Proper sanitation and cleaning of drains and proper disposal of sewer water.
2. Cleaning and removal of stagnant water and breeding places of mosquitoes like ditches with stagnant water. Pouring of oil over the stagnant water to kill the larvae of mosquitoes. Spraying of chemicals/smoke in neighbourhood to kill mosquitoes.
3. Ensure supply of safe drinking water. Regular cleaning of the water supply resources.
List the measures for preventing infectious diseases.
Preventive measures of infectious diseases are -:
(i) We can prevent exposure to air borne diseases i.e., providing living conditions that are not overcrowed.
(ii) We can prevent exposure to water borne microbes by providing safe drinking water free from contamination.
(iii) We can presvent vector-borne infections, by providing clean environment that is abolishing breeding places of mosquitoes and flies.
(iv) Avoid contact in case of disease like measles and chichken pox. Avoiding close physical contact in case of diseases like AIDS.
(v) By making the body immune system strong by having proper and sufficient nourshing food.
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