Subject

Biology

Class

CBSE Class 12

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 Multiple Choice QuestionsShort Answer Type

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41.

Explain mentrual cycle in human females.


  1. The reproductive cycle in the female primates (e.g. Monkeys, apes and humans) is called menstrual cycle.
  2. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche.
  3. In human females, menstruation is repeated at an average interval of about 28/29 days and the cycle of events starting from one menstruation till the next one is menstrual cycle.
  4. The phases of menstrual cycle are as follows :
    1. Menstrual phase: It lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to the breakdown of the endometrial lining of the uterus and it's blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through the vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilised.

       

    2. Follicular phase: It lasts for 8-10 days. During this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Grafian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regerates through proliferation. The secretion of LH and FSH increases gradually.

       

    3. Ovulatory phase : It lasts for 1 day. There is the release of ovum.

       

    4. Luteal phase : It lasts for 13 days. There is LH surge. These induce the remaining parts of Grafian follicle to tranform as corpus luteum and it secretes progesterone.

  5. If fertilisation occurs, endomentrium starts preparing for implantation. In the absence of fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerate.


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42.

How can the scientific understanding of the mentrual cycle of human females help as a contraceptive measure ?


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