Short Answer Type

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State the two laws of reflection of light.


Laws of reflection states that:

i. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

ii. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the mirror, all lie in the same plane.

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List any four characteristics of a good fuel.

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What are non-renewable resources of energy? Give two examples of such resources.

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(i) How do you calculate the possible valency of an element from the electronic configuration of its atoms?

(ii) Calculate the valency of element X whose atomic number is 9.

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On the basis of electronic configuration, how will you identify the first and the last element of a period?

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The stars appear higher from the horizon than they actually are. Explain why it is so.

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Explain why the planets do not twinkle but the stars twinkle.

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Write any two differences between binary fission and multiple fission in a tabular form as observed in cells of organisms.

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Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?

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Explain the terms:

(i) Speciation

(ii) Natural selection

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