Short Answer Type

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Describe any three potential applications of genetically modified plants.


Three potential applications of genetically modified (GM) plants are as follows:
(i) Nutrient Enrichment and improved food- quality– Plants are genetically modified to contain more nutrients. For example- Golden rice is a variety of rice that is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene, which is a precursor of vitamin A. Thus, consumption of this crop helps in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency diseases.
(ii) Insect/Pest Resistance – Plants are engineered to possess resistance against the insect or pest. GM crops, such as Bt cotton which were genetically modified to produce certain protein which acts as insecticides and kills certain insects such as lepidopterans and dipterans. Thus Bt cotton plants are resistant to insects.
(iii) Disease-free plants – Plants are genetically modified to become resistant against disease of bacteria, virus or fungus. For example Pusa swarnim a variety of brassica is resistant to disease caused by white rust.
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Long Answer Type

(a) List the different attributes that a population has and not an individual organism.

(b) What is population density ? Explain any three different ways the population density can be measured, with the help of an example each.

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Short Answer Type

How do snails, seeds, bears, zooplanktons, fungi and bacteria adapt to conditions unfavourable for their survival?
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With the help of a flow chart, show the phenomenon of biomagnification of DDT in an aquatic food chain.

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Long Answer Type

(a) Plan an experiment and prepare a flow chart of the steps that you would follow to ensure that the seeds are formed only from the desired sets of pollen grains. Name the type of experiment that you carried out.

(b) Write the importance of such experiments.

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(a) Why are thalassemia and haemophilia categorized as Mendelian disorders ? Write the symptoms of these diseases. Explain their pattern of inheritance in humans.

(b) Write the genotypes of the normal parents producing a haemophilic son.

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Describe the roles of pituitary and ovarian hormones during the menstrual cycle in a human female.
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Short Answer Type

Your school has been selected by the Department of Education to organize and host an interschool seminar on 'Reproductive Health – Problems and Practices'. However, many parents are reluctant to permit their wards to attend it. Their argument is that the topic is 'too embarrassing.'
Put forth four arguments with appropriate reasons and explanation to justify the topic to be essential and timely.

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How did an American Company. Eli Lilly use the knowledge of r-DNA technology to produce human insulin?
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Long Answer Type

How do m-RNA, t-RNA and ribosomes help in the process of translation?
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