(a) What precaution(s) would you recommend to a patient requiring repeated blood transfusion?
(b) If the advise is not followed by the patient there is an apprehension that the patient might contract a disease that would destroy the immune system of his/her body. Explain with the help of schematic diagram only how the immune system would get affected and destroyed.
(a) Repeated blood transfusion may result in contracting diseases like AIDS. The recipient must ensure that the donor’s blood is being screened for HIV and other pathogens.
(b) In the absence of such measures, the patient can get infected by HIV (Human Immmunodeficiency Virus) which causes AIDS. It is a threatening disorder that weakens the immune system by attacking helper T-cells in the body.
A schematic diagram showing the cycle of proliferation and effects of retrovirus (HIV) in infected person is as follows :
During a medical investigation, an infant was found to possess an extra chromosome 21. Decribe the symptoms the child is likely to develop later in the life.
(a) What is inbreeding depression?
(b) Explain the importance of ‘selection’ during inbreeding in cattle.
Explain the role(s) of the following in biotechnology.
(a) Restriction endonuclease
(b) Gel-electrophoresis
(c) Selectable markers in pBR322
(a) List the three states the annuals and biennial angiosperms have to pass through during their life cycle.
(b) List and describe any two vegetative propagules in flowering plants.
A number of passengers were severely burnt beyond recognition during a train accident. Name and describe a modern technique that can help hand over the dead to their relatives.
