Short Answer Type

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Organic farmers prefer the biological control of diseases and pests of the use of chemicals for the same purpose. Justify.


Biological pest control has important advantages compared to chemical pest control, such as being safer for humans and the environment.

Chemical methods often kill both useful and harmful life forms indiscriminately. Eradication of the creatures that are often described as pests in not only possible but also undesirable for without them the beneficial predatory and parasitic insects which depend upon them as food or hosts would not be able to survive.


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How has the use of Agrobacterium as vectors helped in controlling Meloidogyne incognita infestation in tobacco plants? Explain in the correct sequence.


Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity that exists at all the levels of biological organisation.


Explain outbreeding, outcrossing and cross-breeding practices in animal husbandry.


Although a prokaryotic cell has no defined nucleus, yet DNA is not scattered throughout the cell. Explain.


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Select and write analogous structures from the list given below:

(i) Wings of butterfly and birds

(ii) Vertebrate hearts

(ii) Tendrils of bougainvillaea and Cucurbita

(iv) Tubers of sweet potato and potato


Explain the mechanism of ‘sex determination’ in birds. How does it differ from that of human beings?


With the help of an algebraic equation, how did Hardy-Weinberg explain that in a given population the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene is supposed to remain the same through generations?


“India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway.” Do you agree with the statement? Give reasons in support of your answer.


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Differentiate between analogous and homologous structures.