Explain any two techniques of Taylor's Scientific Management.
According to F W Taylor, “Scientific Management means setting exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and the cheapest way”. Techniques of scientific management includes:
Method study: The objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job. There are various methods of doing the job. To determine the best way there are several parameters. Right from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the customer every activity is part of method study. Taylor devised the concept of assembly line by using method study.
Motion study: Motion study refers to the study of movements like lifting, putting objects, sitting and changing positions etc., which are undertaken while doing a typical job. Unnecessary movements are sought to be eliminated so that it takes less time to complete the job efficiently.
On close examination of motions, it is possible to find out:
(i) Motions which are productive
(ii) Motions which are incidental
(iii) Motions which are unproductive.
Taylor used stopwatches and various symbols and colours to identify different motions. Through motion studies, Taylor was able to design suitable equipment and tools to educate workers on their use. It helps in saving in time and cost apart from reducing fatigue.
Why is staffing considered an important function of management in all types of organisations? State any three reasons.
If we delegate the authority, we multiply it by two, if we decentralize it, we multiply it by many. In the light of this statement explain any four points of importance of decentralization.
What is meant by 'Budgetary Control' as a technique of controlling? State any three advantages of it.
'Internal sources of recruitment are better than external sources of recruitment.' Explain any five reasons in support of this statement.
What is meant by 'Functional Structure' of an organisation? State any five advantages of this form of organizational structure.
