Explain the role of Government budget in allocation of resources.
Through the budgetary policy, Government aims to allocate resources in accordance with the economic (profit maximisation) and social (public welfare) priorities of the country. Government can influence allocation of resources through:
(i) Tax concessions or subsidies:
To encourage investment, government can give tax concession, subsidies etc. to the producers. For example, Government discourages the production of harmful consumption goods (like liquor, cigarettes etc.) through heavy taxes and encourages the use of ‘Khaki products’ by providing subsidies.
(ii) Directly producing goods and services:
If private sector does not take interest, government can directly undertake the production.
Explain the distinction between autonomous and accommodating transactions in balance of payments. Also explain the concept of balance of payments deficit in this context.
Explain the concept of ‘excess demand’ in macroeconomics. Also explain the role of ‘open market operation’ in correcting it.
Explain the concept of ‘deficient demand’ in macroeconomics. Also explain the role of Bank Rate in correcting it.
Giving reason, explain how the following should be treated in estimating national income:
Expenditure on fertilizers by a farmer.
| S.No. | Items | (Rs crores) |
| (i) | Factor income from abroad | 15 |
| (ii) | Private final consumption expenditure | 600 |
| (iii) | Consumption of fixed captial | 50 |
| (iv) | Government final consumption expenditure | 200 |
| (v) | Net current transfers to abroad | (-)5 |
| (vi) | Net domestic fixed capital formation | 110 |
| (vii) | Net factor income to abroad | 10 |
| (viii) | Net imports | (-)20 |
| (ix) | Net indirect tax | 70 |
| (x) | Change in stocks | (-)10 |
Giving reason, explain how the following should be treated in estimating national income:
Purchase of tractor by a farmer
